For 10 years Brazil had an owner. When closing an exclusiveness contract for the exploration of the brazilwood, in 1502, Christian-new Fernão of Noronha leased the country for three years, ahead of a consortium of Jewish conversos. The agreement teriasido renewed in tês occasions. the obligations of the cartel were: to explore the brazilwood, to defend the earth against the greed of Spaniards and French, to establish a feitoria, to explore 900 leagues (5,9 thousand kilometers) of coast and to pay a fifth of the profits to the Crown.
In 1503, Noronha armed its first expedition, he/she discovered the island that today has its name and inicioua exploration of the stick-of-ink. Noronha, or Loronha, agent of the German Jews Függer (monopolists of the coffer), it was a ricoarmador born in Astúrias, in Spain, that sent fleets to India and it possessed an international net of business, with thirst in London. During one decade, it was the proprietor from Brazil.
Paus e Juros
O pau-brasil foi o primeiro monopólio estatal do Brasil: só a metrópole podia explorá-lo (ou terceirizar o empreendimento). It would be, also, the more duraduoro of the cartels: the exploration was only open to initiative deprived in 1872, when the reservations had already made scarce brutally.
Exploration is not the term: he/she wants there was it was it a devastation, with knocked down her of 70 million trees. As that confirming the symbolic vocation, the brazilwood, in September of 1826, for the payment of the interests of first external loan taken by Brazil.
When running across with the National Treasure lacking gold, D. Pedro I sent to Ingleterra 50 back yards (three tons) of brazilwood toras to auction them in London. The hope of the inperador of liquidating the debt with the " stick-of-dyed " esbarrou in an innovation tecnológic:o coming of the industry of anilines had reduced in a lot the value of the tree-symbol of Brazil. The interests were pagos with delay. In money not in sticks.
That this History makes us to contemplate that needed to rediscover us to every day of ours to live and we make proud ourselves for we be Brazilian............
On Tuesday in the afternoon, they were the big ones entangled of " long herbs the one that the mareantes gives the tail-of-ass " name. They appeared floating beside the naus and they disappeared in the horizon. In Wednesday for the morning, the flight of the hole-buchos, a type of gull, it broke the silence of the seas and of the skies, reaffirming the certainty that the earth met close. At dusk, silhuetados against the splendor of the twilight, the rounded contours of " a great hill " were delineated, surrounded by plane lands, dressed of a dense and majestic arvoredo.
It was April 22, 1500. After 44 days of trip, Pedro Álvares Cabral fleet shimmered earth - more with relief and pleasure than with surprise or fright. In the nine following days, in the generous bays of the south of Bahia, the 13 ships of the largest armada already correspondent to India for the discovered route for Vasco of Gama would stay recognizing the new earth and its inhabitants.
The first contact, friendly as the others, he/she gave him already the following day, Thursday, April 23. Captain Nicolau Coelho, veteran of India and companion of Gama, went to earth, in a batel, and it came across 18 brown, nude men ", with arches and arrows in the hands ". Coelho gave them a red cap, a linen hood and a black sombrero. In change, he/she received a to scratch of feathers and a necklace of white bills. Brazil, baptized Island of Vera Cruz, he/she entered, in that instant, in the course of the history.
The official discovery of the country is registered with minutiae. Little are the nations that possess a " as precise and fluent as the letter birth certificate " that Pero Vaz of Bed sent to the king from Portugal, talent Manuel, telling the " achamento " of the new earth. Nevertheless, a doubt hovers on the wide route deviation that drove Cabral's armada much more for west than the necessary to arrive to India. Would the discovery of Brazil maybe have been a jewfish?
It is probable that the subject never comes to be illuminated. However, the signature of the Agreement of Tordesilhas that, six years before, he/she had given to Portugal the ownership of the lands that you/they were to 370 leagues (around 2 thousand kilometers) to west of Cape Verde, the naturalness with that the earth was sighted, the precise knowledge of the currents and of the routes, the climatic conditions during the trip and the high probability that the country had already been sighted previously they seem to be the warranty that the landing, on that morning of April of 1500, was mere formality: Cabral could just be taking ownership of an earth that the Portuguese already knew, although superficially. An earth for the which you/they would still delay about half century for if they interest in fact.
Tupiniquins along the ten days that it passed in Brazil, Cabral's armada took contact with about 500 native. They were, it would be known later, tupiniquins - one of the tribes of the group tupi-Guarani that, in the beginning of the century XVI, almost occupied the whole coast of Brazil. The tupi-Guaranis had arrived to the area in a series of migrations of religious fund (in search of the " Earth Without Evils "), at the beginning of the Christian Era. The tupiniquins lived in the south of Bahia and in the cercanias of Santos and Betioga, in São Paulo. They were about 85 thousand. About 1530, they joined to the Portuguese in the war against the tupinambás-tamoios, allies of Frenches. It was an useless alliance: in 1570, they were already practically extinct, massacred by Mem of Sá, third governor-general of Brazil.
