Separation of Portugal

After the separation of Portugal, that is to say, end of Brazil Colônia(1500-1822), dated officially on September 7, 1822, Brazil becomes a constitutional monarchy, Brazil Império(1822-1889), maintaining the base of its economy in the agriculture with labor slave. In order to the traffic slave trader for Dom Pedro II, the capital liberation allowed a larger diversification of the Brazilian economy. Then, Dom Pedro II was devoted to put an end to the slavery, with the one that farmers and political of the whole country they disagreed. Besides inhuman, the labor slave is not very efficient and gradually substituted by Dom Pedro II by arms vindos with the Portuguese, German, Italian and Spanish immigration. I supply it of modernization it continues in order to the slavery (1888), but Dom Pedro II pays a high price that and a coup the ribbon of the power and it puts an end to the Monarchy, the following year. What sees him starting from 1889 and of the knocked down of Dom Pedro II it is a setback in the way with that the blacks are treated by the government, and to a first moment he/she settles down a regime, in essence, racialmente preconceituoso THE Republic that then is established on November 15, 1889, it was proclaimed provisorily, with the promise of a plebiscite inside of one year to choose between Republic or Monarchy, what only happened in 1993 due to determination of the effective Federal Constitution (1988). Dominated by state oligarchies that were sustained through elections that necesseriamente was alternated in it positions of larger power the from São Paulo and mining, that the Republic Velha(1889-1930) he/she has as its largest marks the politics of the coffee-with-milk, that begins in 1894, and the changes in the federalism in Brazil–the Brazilian federalism until today he/she comes a version very different from the federalism estadunidense, in that is set. In 1930, Getúlio Vargas commands a Revolution that places it in the power, putting an end to the Old Republic. In 1934, under pressure, it promulgates a democratic Constitution. Even so, in 1937 alleging a communist conspiracy for the taking of the power, known like Plane Cohen, Vargas grants a new Constitution, closing the National Congress, restricting individual freedoms, establishing a dictatorship of Fascist inspirations that lasted to up to 1945. This period ditadorial of the Era Vargas (1930-1945) New State is called. After knocked down her of the dictatorship getulista and the promulgação of a new Federal Constitution (1946)até the Military Blow of 1964, the country lives the most democratic phase than it had already tried - Populismo(1946-1964) - although affected by facts as president Getúlio Vargas's suicide in 1954. Vargas had assumed in 1951 after having won election direct president.
In January of 1956, it took ownership the new president Juscelino Kubitschek, former-governor from Minas Gerais, that begins a period of intense industrialization of the country and the construction of the new federal capital, Brasília.
In 1961 it assumes the presidency of the republic the udenista Jânio Quadros, tends as vice-president the petebista João Goulart (there were elections for president and for vice-president in two different foils). With Jânio Pictures' renouncement on August 25, 1961 and after a period of institutional instabilidade and of the campaign that was well-known as " campaign of the legality " sponsored by João Goulart's brother-in-law, the governor from Big Rio of the South, Leonel Brizola,Jango it assumes the presidency (first in a regime parlamentarista, later starting from 1963 in a regime presidencialista) and it proposes a group of reforms that you/they were well-known as the " base " reforms, that they included distribution of income, it reforms agrarian and other measures, considered, for the opposition, comunizantes ". He/she had begun a period of political instabilidade and atritos among the several interests of the right and of the left. The military blow of 31 of Março of 1964 knocks down Goulart, it cools the personal ambitions and in favor of both sides and it establishes an exception regime - military dictatorship (1964-1985) - that had five presidents that, although civil in the moment in that they exercised the magistratura, they were official-generals of the reservation (in chronological order): Marshal White Castle, and General Arthur from Costa and Silva, Emílio Garrastazu Médici, Ernesto Geisel and João Baptista Figueiredo. Under the influence or technicians' coordination like Eugênio Gudin, Roberto Campos and Delfim Netto, the military regime carried out economic, fiscal reforms and you structure, surprisingly adopting flags similar to the one of João Goulart, as the Agrarian Reform (whose project, of Roberto Campos, it was combatted by UDN) and the nationalization of the infrastructure companies.
Initially enthusiast of the military regime in consequence of the economic progress, mainly for to the middle class, and also due to the manipulation through the censorship of the media and of the official propaganda, the society was opposed later on to the authoritarian regime. The exaggerations of the system of political policiamento, epitomizados for journalist Vladimir Herzog's death took the own president Geisel to adopt energetic position against the " hard " line. In the elections of 1976 the opposition had expressive voting, what took to a " slow one, it holds and gradual " opening, with the several political exiles' turn, the end of the previous censorship to the press, the amnesty (dictates " wide, general and unrestricted ") and the movement, in the useless practice, even so of great symbolic meaning, the Direct-already, that gathered millions of people in assemblies in the year of 1984. Assemblies that were taken to the air, live, by the radio stations of TV of the country. Surprisingly, the largest radio station of TV of Brazil, the Net Globe of Television, was the only to ignore the movement completely, without doing any reference to the assemblies in its news ones. Only coming to do it then after the president from Brazil, General João Figueiredo to negotiate openly of the subject.